北京九龙山不同结构侧柏人工纯林降水的再分配
Effects of Different Structure of Platycladusorientalis Plantation in Beijing Jiulongshan on Redistribution of Precipitation
-
摘要: [目的] 基于华北石质山区侧柏人工林2014年(3-10月)降水数据进行量化分析,探究其降水的再分配规律。[方法] 采用野外定位研究方法,对不同结构(郁闭度、枝下高)侧柏人工林林冠层降水再分配特征进行分析。[结果] (1)1/2枝下高0.4、0.6、0.8郁闭度林内穿透雨总量分别为181.1、168.1、147.1 mm,穿透雨率分别为78.8%、73.1%、64.0%;树干径流总量分别为6.0、5.9、3.9 mm;总树干径流率分别为4.2%、2.6%、1.7%;林冠截留总量分别为39.5、56.1、79.1 mm;林冠截留率分别为17.2%、24.4%、34.4%。(2)1/3枝下高0.4、0.6、0.8郁闭度林内穿透雨总量分别为175.6、154.8、136.0 mm,穿透雨率分别为76.4%、67.3%和59.2%,树干径流总量分别为8.3、4.9、3.3 mm,总树干径流率分别为3.6%、2.1%和1.4%,林冠截留总量分别为46.3、70.4、90.7 mm,林冠截留率分别为20.1%、30.6%和39.5%。[结论] (1)侧柏人工林同一枝下高不同郁闭度林分林内穿透雨量差异不显著。2种枝下高郁闭度为0.4和0.8之间的树干径流量均存在显著差异,郁闭度0.4和0.6以及0.6和0.8之间差异不显著。(2)郁闭度为0.4、0.6、0.8时,冠厚占树高2/3(即枝下高为1/3)的林分林冠截留量分别是1/2的1.17、1.25和1.14倍。(3)2种枝下高各自不同郁闭度间林冠截留量均存在显著差异。(4)同等降雨量情况下雨强越大,林冠截留量越小;2次降雨间隔时间越长,林冠层越干燥,林冠截留能力越强;枝下高越低(即冠层厚度越大),林冠截留量越大,且随着郁闭度的增加,林冠截留量逐渐增大。Abstract: [Objective] Based on the precipitation data of 2014 toanalyze quantitatively the law of redistribution of precipitationin mountainous area of North China. [Method] The method of field positioning was used to analyze the rainfall redistribution of Platycladusorientalis plantation with different structure (canopy, under branch height)characteristics. [Result] (1)At the height of 1/2 under branch height, the through rainfalls of stands with canopy density of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 respectively were 181.1, 168.1, and 147.1 mm, the rates of through rainfall were 78.8%, 73.1%, and 64.0%; The total stemflowswere 6.0, 5.9 and 3.9 mm respectively, the rates of stemflowwere 4.2%, 2.6% and 1.7%. The total canopy interceptionswere respectively 39.5, 56.1 and 79.1 mm. The rates of canopy interception were 17.1%, 24.4% and 34.4%. (2) At the height of 1/3 under branch height, the through rainfall of stands with canopy density of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 canopy were 175.6 mm, 154.8 mm, and 136.0 mm, the rates of through rainfall were 76.4%, 67.3%, and 59.2%. The total stemflowswere respectively 8.3, 4.9 and 3.3 mm, the rates of stemflowwere 3.6%, 2.1% and 1.4%. The total canopy interceptionswere respectively 46.2, 70.4 and 90.6 mm. The rates of canopy interception were 20.1%, 30.6% and 39.4%. [Conclusion] (1) At the same under branch height, the difference in through rainfall of P. orientalisplantation with different canopy coverage was not significant. The stemflow between the stands with canopy density of 0.4 and 0.8 showed significant difference, while the difference between the canopy density of 0.4 and 0.6 and between the canopy density of 0.6 and 0.8 were not significant.(2) At the stand with the density of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, the canopy interception of the stand with crown thickness accounts for 2/3 the tree height were 1.17, 1.25 and 1.14 times that of the stand with crown thickness accounts for 1/2 the tree height. (3) Significant differences in crown interception were found among different canopy density. (4) At the same rainfall intensity, the more the rainfall, the smaller the canopy interception; the longer the interval of rainfall time, the drier the canopy drier and the stronger the interception ability; The lower the branch height, the larger the canopy interception amount and with the increase of the canopy density, the canopy interception increased.
-
Key words:
- Platycladusorientalis
- / stand structure
- / canopy interception
- / through rainfall
- / stemflow
-
[1] 钟剑飞,刘东兰,郑小贤.水源涵养林结构与功能量化研究进展[J].现代农业科学,2009,16(3):110-112. [2] Brauman K A,Freyberg D L,Daily G C. Forest structure influences on rainfall partitioning and cloud interception:a comparison of native forest sites in Kona,Hawai'i[J].Agric For Meteorol,2010,150:265-275. [3] 马雪华,杨茂瑞,胡星弼.亚热带杉木,马尾松人工林水文功能的研究[J].林业科学,1993,29(3):199-206. [4] 郝帅,张毓涛,刘端,等.不同郁闭度天山云杉林林冠截留量及穿透雨量特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(6):917-923. [5] Herbst M,Roberts J M,Rosier P T W,et al.Measuring and modelling the rainfall interception loss by hedgerows in southern England[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,141(2):244-256. [6] Llorens P.Gallart F.A simplified method for forest water storage capacity measurement[J].Journal of Hydrology,2000,240:131-144. [7] 王珍珍,文仕知,杨丽丽.长沙市郊枫香人工林降水再分配及养分动态[J].中南林业科技大学学报:自然科学版,2008,28(2):54-56. [8] 余新晓,史宇,王贺年,等.森林生态系统水文过程与功能[M].北京:科学出版社,2013. [9] 黄志霖,李建新,王玉.太行山侧柏人工林林冠降雨截留及地表径流的研究[J].河南林业科技,2000(2):1-5. [10] 周彬,韩海荣,康峰峰,等.太岳山不同郁闭度油松人工林降水分配特征[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1645-1653.. [11] 鲜靖苹,张家洋,胡海波.森林冠层水文研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):96-104. [12] 陈书军,陈存根,曹田健,等.降雨特征及小气候对秦岭油松林降雨再分配的影响[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):513-521. [13] 田风霞,赵传燕,冯兆东,等.祁连山青海云杉林冠生态水文效应及其影响因素[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1066-1076. [14] 隋媛媛,许晓鸥,张瑜,等.东北黑土区水土保持林降雨截留特征分析[J].草业科学,2015,24(6):16-24. [15] 李晶晶,白岗栓.黄土丘陵沟壑区苹果树冠截留规律[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):379-386. [16] Teklehanimanot Z,Jarvis P G,Ledger D C. Rainfall interception and boundary layer conductance in relation to tree spacing[J]. Journal of Hydrology,1991,123(3/4):261-278. [17] Viville D,Biron P,Biron P,et al.Interception in a mountainous decling spruce stand in the Strengbachcatchmen(Vosges,France)[J].Journal of Hydrology,1993,144(1/4):273-282.
计量
- 文章访问数: 2665
- HTML全文浏览量: 216
- PDF下载量: 917
- 被引次数: 0