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作为全球陆地生态系统的重要组成部分[1-2],森林不仅为人类提供了丰富的资源,也在减缓气候变暖和保护生态环境方面发挥着不可替代的作用[1]。气候变化背景下,树木的生长、发育和分布范围[3-6],以及森林结构、功能和生产力等正在发生变化[7-9]。森林生态系统如何更好地适应气候变化是当前森林培育面临的一个重大问题[10]。未来需要将缓解与适应措施联系起来,以增强森林资源的弹性[11]。2008年在瑞典召开的气候变化国际会议明确指出,选择在未来气候条件下生长更快的树种和种源造林是计划适应气候变化的有效森林培育措施之一[12]。
树轮气候学方法的成熟为种源异境生长过程中对气候变化的长期响应提供了可靠工具。树木生长受自身遗传因素及多种环境因子(包括土壤性质、降水、温度、太阳辐射和人为干扰等)的直接或间接调控[13],并通过年轮性状来记录和表达[14]。利用树木年轮学方法研究树木种源,可以比较同一环境下种植的不同种群对气候因子的长期响应差异,描述不同种源对环境条件的遗传适应性[3, 15],并预测未来气候变化对树木生长的潜在影响[16]。
国内外少有的种源响应气候变化的研究已表明,树木不同地理种源对气候变化具有不同的响应特征,利用种源试验林可预测未来气候变化对地理种源的影响程度,并指导适应未来气候变化的种源选择。然而,国内有关同一树种不同种源对气候变化的响应研究仍十分缺乏,树木种源生长对气候变化的响应研究亟待进一步深入开展。本文综述了不同种源树木年轮径向生长与气候因子的关系,对树木种源径向生长对气候的长期响应、及其对极端气候的短期响应研究现状作简要评述,旨在揭示不同树木种源径向生长对气候的响应特征,强调气候变化背景下种源选择的重要性,以期为相关科研工作提供参考。
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