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松树枯萎病的流行与危害已导致世界森林生态系统产生了严重危机[1]。对松枯萎病的发生与流行机制的研究仍在开展与不断的深入。自从日本报道松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) 能引起松树枯萎后,松材线虫已被认为是松材线虫病的病原[2-3],我国把松树枯萎病称为松材线虫病。但是随着研究的深入,发现单纯地仅以松材线虫为病原还不能解释自然界复杂多样的松树枯死现象,可能是一种(或一类)松材线虫的伴生菌参与了致死松树或产生毒素导致松树枯萎[4-11]。进入本世纪后, 有关枯萎松树内松材线虫的伴生细菌种类和病理作用及与松材线虫的关系研究报道越来越多, 拓展和深化了松树枯萎病研究范围和层次[12-15]。但现在面临的问题是,随着分离鉴定的细菌种类越来越多[16-18],要确定究竟是哪种细菌与松材线虫最为密切,哪种细菌具有真正病原作用参与了松树枯死的过程等问题,需要深入研究。荧光假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)是众多枯死松树内细菌中鉴定到种研究最多的菌种,但报道的只是在实验室得到的可引起黑松(Pinus thunbergii Parl.)苗木或细胞枯萎的一些结果[19-22],没有在林间进行调查来证实荧光假单胞杆菌协同松材线虫促使了松树枯萎。而且荧光假单胞杆菌是一种动物病原细菌,也是一种能抑制或拮抗植物病原细菌的生物防治细菌[23]。很少有动物病原细菌也能同时成为植物病原细菌的,这是因为动物病原细菌不能分泌产生纤维素酶,植物细胞的细胞壁对动物病原细菌具有天然的免疫性。松材线虫的耐久性幼虫(LⅣ幼虫)是侵入松树的第一虫态,也是离开松树的最终虫态[24]。LⅣ幼虫体上是否携带细菌,带的是何种细菌十分值得研究。因为LⅣ幼虫如携带细菌,表明这种细菌与松材线虫的关系密切,同时与松材线虫、松褐天牛一起参与了松树枯萎的全过程。在LⅣ侵入松树时,携带的细菌也直接进入了松树;在LⅣ离开松树时,这种细菌也被携带离开松树,该种细菌最有可能就是引起松树枯萎的病原细菌。按这个思路,作者开展了从松材线虫LⅣ幼虫体上分离鉴定细菌的研究,获得了香茅醇假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas citronellolis Seubert),现将研究结果报道如下。
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