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石斛属(Dendrobium Swartz)为兰科(Orchidaceae)三大属之一,其原种将近2 000种,主要分布于亚洲热带、亚热带地区和太平洋岛屿。作为我国中药材的石斛兰,是许多中成药的重要成分,而作为观赏植物的石斛兰美丽又芳香,是我国和世界著名花卉[1-2]。
国内外在石斛兰栽培育种[1-3]、组织培养[1, 4]、花芽分化[5]、光合特性[6-7]、菌根发育[8-10]等方面取得了许多富有成效的研究结果。随着现代分子生物学技术的发展,石斛属分子鉴定、相关功能基因分析及转基因等研究也取得了较大进展[11-13]。本文就近年来石斛属植物分子生物学主要研究进展进行综述,为进一步开展该属植物抗逆机理、重要观赏性状的形成与代谢发育研究提供参考。
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