Dwarfing Mechanism of Dwarfed Walnut Cultivar 'Liaoning 2'

SONG Xiao-bo; CHEN Ling-na; WANG Hong-xia; PEI Dong

Volume 28 Issue 6

Article Contents

Turn off MathJax

Article Navigation > Forest Research > 2015 > 28(6): 910-915

Citation:

Dwarfing Mechanism of Dwarfed Walnut Cultivar 'Liaoning 2'

1.
Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academic of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China
2.
Mountain Areas Research Institute of Hebei Province, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China

Received Date: 2015-07-22

Abstract

'Liaoning 2' is a dwarf walnut variety bred by Chinese scientists through artificial hybridization, but little is known about its dwarfing mechanism. In this study, the dwarfing mechanism of 'Liaoning 2' is discussed through the comparison of biological characteristics, genomics and the expression of growth-related gene JrGAI,with a growth normally, closely related(half-sib families) variety of 'Liaoning 1' as control. By observing the phenology and tree phenotypes, it was found that there was no significant difference in phenological phase between 'Liaoning 1' and 'Liaoning 2', but 'Liaoning 2' was obviously dwarf, the height, crown and trunk diameter were smaller, the average length of internode reduced significantly, but there was no significant difference in the number of development branch internode. The dwarf phenotype of 'Liaoning 2' is mainly caused by inter-shortening. The qRT-PCR technique was performed to analyze the expression of GA negative regulation gene JrGAI and the results showed that during the shoot development, the expression of JrGAI gene exhibited decreasing expression in the shoot rapid growing period in both varieties and the decline in 'Liaoning 1' was remarkably reduced. The SSR analysis with 25 pairs of primers showed that SSR loci of two varieties were different, especially the homozygosity of 'Liaoning 2' SSR loci was higher. It is concluded that different expressions of JrGAI gene and homozygosity of SSR loci could be important internal reasons of dwarf phenotype of 'Liaoning 2'.
- walnut,
- 'Liaoning 2',
- dwarfing,
- SSR loci,
- JrGAI

References

[1]	郗荣庭,张毅萍,中国果树志:核桃卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 1996.
[2] 裴东,鲁新政,中国核桃种质资源[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2011.
[3] 刘平,杨慧,孟雪,等.植物矮化研究进展[J].安徽农业科学, 2010,38(27):15442-15443.
[4] 刘爱玉.陆地棉矮秆品种陆矮1号的矮化形态与机理及其遗传特性研究.长沙:湖南农业大学, 2007.
[5] Sato Y, Sentoku N, Miura Y, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants[J]. The EMBO journal, 1999, 18(4):992-1002.
[6] Tong H, Xiao Y, Liu D, et al. Brassinosteroid regulates cell elongation by modulating gibberellin metabolism in rice[J]. The Plant Cell Online, 2014, 26(11):4376-4393.
[7] Chen K, Tian S, Yandell B S, et al. Loss-of-function of DELLA protein SLN1 activates GA signaling in barley aleurone[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2010, 32(4):789-800.
[8] Bishop G J, Yokota T. Plants steroid hormones, brassinosteroids:current highlights of molecular aspects on their synthesis/metabolism, transport, perception and response[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001, 42(2):114-120.
[9] Yin Y, Wang Z Y, Mora-Garcia S, et al. BES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to brassinosteroids to regulate gene expression and promote stem elongation[J]. Cell, 2002, 109(2):181-191.
[10]	[10] 翟丙年,郑险峰,杨岩荣,等.植物生长调节物质的研究进展[J].西北植物学报, 2003, 23(6):1069-1075.
[11]	[11] Staiger C J, Lloyd C W. The plant cytoskeleton[J]. Current opinion in cell biology, 1991, 3(1):33-42.
[12]	[12] Gan S, Amasino R M. Cytokinins in plant senescence:from spray and pray to clone and play[J]. Bioessays, 1996, 18(7):557-565.
[13]	[13] 周德宝.植物激素与细胞骨架的排向[J].植物生理学通讯, 2005, 41(2):224-228.
[14]	[14] Peng J, Richards D E, Hartley N M, et al. 'Green revolution'genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators[J]. Nature, 1999, 400(6741):256-261.
[15]	[15] Barboza L, Effgen S, Alonso-Blanco C, et al. Arabidopsis semidwarfs evolved from independent mutations in GA20ox1, ortholog to green revolution dwarf alleles in rice and barley[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013, 110(39):15818-15823.
[16]	[16] Holsinger K E. Inbreeding depression doesn't matter:the genetic basis of mating-system evolution[J]. Evolution, 1988,42(6):1235-1244.
[17]	[17] Karkkainen K, Koski V, Savolainen O. Geographical variation in the inbreeding depression of Scots pine[J]. Evolution, 1996,50(1):111-119.
[18]	[18] Schierup M H, Christiansen F B. Inbreeding depression and outbreeding depression in plants[J]. Heredity, 1996, 77(5):461-468.
[19]	[19] Charlesworth D, Charlesworth B. Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences[J]. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 1987,18:237-268.
[20]	[20] 王峥峰,彭少麟,任海.小种群的遗传变异和近交衰退[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2005, 6(1):101-107.
[21]	[21] 陈小勇,林鹏.厦门木麻黄种群交配系统及近交衰退[J].应用生态学报, 2002, 13(11):1377-1380.
[22]	[22] 裴东,张俊佩,周建仁,等.植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试指南-核桃属(GB/T26909-2011)[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2011.
[23]	[23] He F, Wang H, Song X, et al. Comparison of the methods of RNA isolation from Juglans regia L. buds[J]. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 2011, 5(2):221-224.
[24]	[24] 马庆国,齐静,裴东. 16个早实核桃良种遗传多样性的FISH-AFLP分析[J].林业科学研究, 2010, 23(5):631-636.
[25]	[25] 陈凌娜,马庆国,张俊佩,等.核桃BES-SSR的开发及在遗传多样性分析中的应用[J].北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36(6):24-29.
[26]	[26] McCouch S R, Chen X, Panaud O, et al. Microsatellite marker development, mapping and applications in rice genetics and breeding[J]. Plant molecular biology, 1997, 35(1-2):89-99.
[27]	[27] 李靖,王政,方庆,等.桃豫农矮化砧木1号的矮化机制[J].果树学报, 2007, 24(5):589-594.
[28]	[28] 姜淑苓,欧春青,王斐,等.梨矮化砧木新品种'中矮3号'[J].园艺学报, 2012, 39(12):2525-2526..
[29]	[29] 张谷雄,胡国谦,王宁,等.柑桔矮生和砧木矮化效应预选指标的研究[J].南京农业大学学报, 1987, 10(3):37-42.
[30]	[30] 王新坤.陆地棉矮化突变体Ari1327的形态,生理和分子标记研究.南京:南京农业大学, 2011.
[31]	[31] 官凤英,范少辉,刘碧桃,等.矮壮素不同浓度及施用方法对绿竹的矮化效应[J].贵州农业科学, 2010(8):30-32.
[32]	[32] 徐丽,陈新,张力思,等.核桃GAI基因的克隆和序列分析[J].山东农业科学, 2013, 45(7):1-5.
[33]	[33] 宋晓波.核桃DELLA蛋白编码基因的克隆及分析.保定:河北农业大学, 2012.
[34]	[34] 黄先忠,马正强. DELLA家族蛋白与植物生长发育的关系[J].植物生理学通讯, 2004, 40(5):529-532.
[35]	[35] 梁美霞,祝军,戴洪义.柱型苹果MdGAI基因的克隆及表达分析[J].园艺学报, 2011, 38(10):1969-1975.
[36]	[36] Etherington E, Gandhi H, Busov V, et al. Dwarfism genes for modifying the stature of woody plants:a case study in poplar[J]. Landscape Plant News, 2007, 18:3-6.
[37]	[37] 翟晓霏,张文,赵旭勉,等.苹果MdRGL1a基因对烟草遗传转化研究[J].中国农业大学学报, 2011, 16(1):36-41.
[38]	[38] Romberg L D, Smith C L. Effects of cross-pollination, self-pollination and sib-pollination on the dropping, the volume and the kernel development of pecan nuts and on the vigor of the seedlings. Proc Amer Soc Hort Sci, 1946, 47:130-138.
[39]	[39] Sato A, Sawamura Y, Takada N, et al. Relationship between inbreeding coefficients and plant height of 1-year-old seedlings in crosses among Japanese pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cultivars/selections[J]. Scientia horticulturae, 2008, 117(1):85-88.
[40]	[40] 潘文婷,姚俊修,李火根.鹅掌楸属树种自交衰退的SSR分析[J].林业科学, 2014, 50(4):32-38.
[41]

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views(2898) PDF downloads(915) Cited by()

Proportional views

Dwarfing Mechanism of Dwarfed Walnut Cultivar 'Liaoning 2'

1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academic of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091, China

2. Mountain Areas Research Institute of Hebei Province, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China

Received Date: 2015-07-22

Abstract: 'Liaoning 2' is a dwarf walnut variety bred by Chinese scientists through artificial hybridization, but little is known about its dwarfing mechanism. In this study, the dwarfing mechanism of 'Liaoning 2' is discussed through the comparison of biological characteristics, genomics and the expression of growth-related gene JrGAI,with a growth normally, closely related(half-sib families) variety of 'Liaoning 1' as control. By observing the phenology and tree phenotypes, it was found that there was no significant difference in phenological phase between 'Liaoning 1' and 'Liaoning 2', but 'Liaoning 2' was obviously dwarf, the height, crown and trunk diameter were smaller, the average length of internode reduced significantly, but there was no significant difference in the number of development branch internode. The dwarf phenotype of 'Liaoning 2' is mainly caused by inter-shortening. The qRT-PCR technique was performed to analyze the expression of GA negative regulation gene JrGAI and the results showed that during the shoot development, the expression of JrGAI gene exhibited decreasing expression in the shoot rapid growing period in both varieties and the decline in 'Liaoning 1' was remarkably reduced. The SSR analysis with 25 pairs of primers showed that SSR loci of two varieties were different, especially the homozygosity of 'Liaoning 2' SSR loci was higher. It is concluded that different expressions of JrGAI gene and homozygosity of SSR loci could be important internal reasons of dwarf phenotype of 'Liaoning 2'.

HTML

Reference (41)

[1]	郗荣庭,张毅萍,中国果树志:核桃卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 1996.
[2]	[2] 裴东,鲁新政,中国核桃种质资源[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 2011.
[3]	[3] 刘平,杨慧,孟雪,等.植物矮化研究进展[J].安徽农业科学, 2010,38(27):15442-15443.
[4]	[4] 刘爱玉.陆地棉矮秆品种陆矮1号的矮化形态与机理及其遗传特性研究.长沙:湖南农业大学, 2007.
[5]	[5] Sato Y, Sentoku N, Miura Y, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in the rice homeobox gene OSH15 affect the architecture of internodes resulting in dwarf plants[J]. The EMBO journal, 1999, 18(4):992-1002.
[6]	[6] Tong H, Xiao Y, Liu D, et al. Brassinosteroid regulates cell elongation by modulating gibberellin metabolism in rice[J]. The Plant Cell Online, 2014, 26(11):4376-4393.
[7]	[7] Chen K, Tian S, Yandell B S, et al. Loss-of-function of DELLA protein SLN1 activates GA signaling in barley aleurone[J]. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2010, 32(4):789-800.
[8]	[8] Bishop G J, Yokota T. Plants steroid hormones, brassinosteroids:current highlights of molecular aspects on their synthesis/metabolism, transport, perception and response[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001, 42(2):114-120.
[9]	[9] Yin Y, Wang Z Y, Mora-Garcia S, et al. BES1 accumulates in the nucleus in response to brassinosteroids to regulate gene expression and promote stem elongation[J]. Cell, 2002, 109(2):181-191.
[10]	[10] 翟丙年,郑险峰,杨岩荣,等.植物生长调节物质的研究进展[J].西北植物学报, 2003, 23(6):1069-1075.
[11]	[11] Staiger C J, Lloyd C W. The plant cytoskeleton[J]. Current opinion in cell biology, 1991, 3(1):33-42.
[12]	[12] Gan S, Amasino R M. Cytokinins in plant senescence:from spray and pray to clone and play[J]. Bioessays, 1996, 18(7):557-565.
[13]	[13] 周德宝.植物激素与细胞骨架的排向[J].植物生理学通讯, 2005, 41(2):224-228.
[14]	[14] Peng J, Richards D E, Hartley N M, et al. 'Green revolution'genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators[J]. Nature, 1999, 400(6741):256-261.
[15]	[15] Barboza L, Effgen S, Alonso-Blanco C, et al. Arabidopsis semidwarfs evolved from independent mutations in GA20ox1, ortholog to green revolution dwarf alleles in rice and barley[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013, 110(39):15818-15823.
[16]	[16] Holsinger K E. Inbreeding depression doesn't matter:the genetic basis of mating-system evolution[J]. Evolution, 1988,42(6):1235-1244.
[17]	[17] Karkkainen K, Koski V, Savolainen O. Geographical variation in the inbreeding depression of Scots pine[J]. Evolution, 1996,50(1):111-119.
[18]	[18] Schierup M H, Christiansen F B. Inbreeding depression and outbreeding depression in plants[J]. Heredity, 1996, 77(5):461-468.
[19]	[19] Charlesworth D, Charlesworth B. Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences[J]. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 1987,18:237-268.
[20]	[20] 王峥峰,彭少麟,任海.小种群的遗传变异和近交衰退[J].植物遗传资源学报, 2005, 6(1):101-107.
[21]	[21] 陈小勇,林鹏.厦门木麻黄种群交配系统及近交衰退[J].应用生态学报, 2002, 13(11):1377-1380.
[22]	[22] 裴东,张俊佩,周建仁,等.植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试指南-核桃属(GB/T26909-2011)[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2011.
[23]	[23] He F, Wang H, Song X, et al. Comparison of the methods of RNA isolation from Juglans regia L. buds[J]. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 2011, 5(2):221-224.
[24]	[24] 马庆国,齐静,裴东. 16个早实核桃良种遗传多样性的FISH-AFLP分析[J].林业科学研究, 2010, 23(5):631-636.
[25]	[25] 陈凌娜,马庆国,张俊佩,等.核桃BES-SSR的开发及在遗传多样性分析中的应用[J].北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36(6):24-29.
[26]	[26] McCouch S R, Chen X, Panaud O, et al. Microsatellite marker development, mapping and applications in rice genetics and breeding[J]. Plant molecular biology, 1997, 35(1-2):89-99.
[27]	[27] 李靖,王政,方庆,等.桃豫农矮化砧木1号的矮化机制[J].果树学报, 2007, 24(5):589-594.
[28]	[28] 姜淑苓,欧春青,王斐,等.梨矮化砧木新品种'中矮3号'[J].园艺学报, 2012, 39(12):2525-2526..
[29]	[29] 张谷雄,胡国谦,王宁,等.柑桔矮生和砧木矮化效应预选指标的研究[J].南京农业大学学报, 1987, 10(3):37-42.
[30]	[30] 王新坤.陆地棉矮化突变体Ari1327的形态,生理和分子标记研究.南京:南京农业大学, 2011.
[31]	[31] 官凤英,范少辉,刘碧桃,等.矮壮素不同浓度及施用方法对绿竹的矮化效应[J].贵州农业科学, 2010(8):30-32.
[32]	[32] 徐丽,陈新,张力思,等.核桃GAI基因的克隆和序列分析[J].山东农业科学, 2013, 45(7):1-5.
[33]	[33] 宋晓波.核桃DELLA蛋白编码基因的克隆及分析.保定:河北农业大学, 2012.
[34]	[34] 黄先忠,马正强. DELLA家族蛋白与植物生长发育的关系[J].植物生理学通讯, 2004, 40(5):529-532.
[35]	[35] 梁美霞,祝军,戴洪义.柱型苹果MdGAI基因的克隆及表达分析[J].园艺学报, 2011, 38(10):1969-1975.
[36]	[36] Etherington E, Gandhi H, Busov V, et al. Dwarfism genes for modifying the stature of woody plants:a case study in poplar[J]. Landscape Plant News, 2007, 18:3-6.
[37]	[37] 翟晓霏,张文,赵旭勉,等.苹果MdRGL1a基因对烟草遗传转化研究[J].中国农业大学学报, 2011, 16(1):36-41.
[38]	[38] Romberg L D, Smith C L. Effects of cross-pollination, self-pollination and sib-pollination on the dropping, the volume and the kernel development of pecan nuts and on the vigor of the seedlings. Proc Amer Soc Hort Sci, 1946, 47:130-138.
[39]	[39] Sato A, Sawamura Y, Takada N, et al. Relationship between inbreeding coefficients and plant height of 1-year-old seedlings in crosses among Japanese pear(Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) cultivars/selections[J]. Scientia horticulturae, 2008, 117(1):85-88.
[40]	[40] 潘文婷,姚俊修,李火根.鹅掌楸属树种自交衰退的SSR分析[J].林业科学, 2014, 50(4):32-38.
[41]

Dwarfing Mechanism of Dwarfed Walnut Cultivar 'Liaoning 2'

Abstract

References

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views

Dwarfing Mechanism of Dwarfed Walnut Cultivar 'Liaoning 2'

HTML

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content