Diversity and Indicator Species of Leaf-litter Ants in Eucalyptus grandis Plantations and Secondary Natural Forests

LU Zhi-xing; LI Ke-li; ZHANG Nian-nian; CHEN You-qing

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Diversity and Indicator Species of Leaf-litter Ants in Eucalyptus grandis Plantations and Secondary Natural Forests

1.
Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2015-11-23

Abstract

[Objective] To review the effects of Eucalyptus grandis plantations on leaf-litter ant community. [Method] Investigations of leaf-litter ant communities of E. grandis plantations and secondary natural forest were conducted by Winkler litter extraction in October 2012 and April 2013 in Lüchun County, Yunnan Province. [Result] 2 188 ant individuals were collected, representing 66 species, 34 genera, 5 families of Formicidae. There were significant differences in species richness of leaf-litter ants among plots (GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039). But no significant difference was found in abundance among plots (GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863). The E. grandis plantation plot E1 had the highest leaf-litter ant species richness, while the secondary natural forest plot N2 the lowest. The secondary natural forest N1 had the highest leaf-litter ant abundance, and the E. grandis plantation plot E2 the lowest. The ant community structure of E. grandis plantations showed no significant difference with secondary natural forest (ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333). Pheidole noda Smith and Monomorium orientale Mayr were the indicator species of Eucalyptus grandis plantations, Pachycondyla luteipes (Mayr) was the indicator species of secondary natural forest. There was a negative correlation between the ant species richness and the leaf-litter depth. The ant species richness and abundance were not significantly correlated with the leaf-litter characteristics. [Conclusion] The E. grandis plantations with less disturbance and rich vegetation had positive effects on leaf-litter ant community protection.
- Eucalyptus grandis plantations,
- leaf-litter characteristics,
- ant community diversity,
- community structure,
- indicator species

References

[1]	刘国华, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 等. 中国生态退化的主要类型特征及分布[J]. 生态学报, 2000, 20(1): 13-19.
[2]	Suguituru S S, Silva R R, Souza D R D, et al. Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest[J]. Biota Neotropica, 2011, 11(1): 369-376.
[3]	Wang J, Liao Q S, Ding W M, et al. Invertebrate biodiversity in litter layers of natural forest and Eucalyptus plantation in eastern Guangdong, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(1): 25-31.
[4]	Philip A, Philip V, George E S, et al. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release in a fifteen year old rubber plantation[J]. Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research, 2003, 16(1/2): 81-84.
[5]	Donoso D A, Johnston M K, Kaspari M. Trees as templates for tropical litter arthropod diversity[J]. Oecologia, 2010, 164(1): 201-211.
[6]	Lassau S A, Hochuli D F. Effects of habitat complexity on ant assemblages[J]. Ecography, 2004, 27(2): 157-164.
[7]	Theunis L, Gilbert M, Roisin Y, et al. Spatial structure of litter-dwelling ant distribution in a subtropical dry forest[J]. Insectes sociaux, 2005, 52(4): 366-377.
[8]	张念念, 陈又清, 卢志兴, 等. 云南橡胶林和天然次生林枯落物层蚂蚁物种多样性, 群落结构差异及指示种[J]. 昆虫学报, 2013, 56(11): 1314-1323.
[9]	Chen Y Q, Li Q, Chen Y L, et al. Ant diversity and bio-indicators in land management of lac insect agroecosystem in Southwestern China[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2011, 20(13): 3017-3038.
[10]	Watt A D, Stork N E, Bolton B. The diversity and abundance of ants in relation to forest disturbance and plantation establishment in southern Cameroon[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 39(1): 18-30.
[11]	Philpott S M, Arendt W J, Armbrecht I, et al. Biodiversity loss in Latin American coffee landscapes: review of the evidence on ants, birds, and trees[J]. Conservation Biology, 2008, 22(5): 1093-1105.
[12]	Pacheco R, Silva R R, Morini M S C, et al. A comparison of the leaf-litter ant fauna in a secondary Atlantic forest with an adjacent pine plantation in southeastern Brazil[J]. Neotropical Entomology, 2009, 38(1): 55-65.
[13]	Nakamura A, Catterall C P, House A P, et al. The use of ants and other soil and litter arthropods as bio-indicators of the impacts of rainforest clearing and subsequent land use[J]. Journal of Insect Conservation, 2007, 11(2): 177-186.
[14]	Kaspari M, Majer J D. Using ants to monitor environmental change. In: Agosti D, Majer J, Alonso E, et al (eds.). Ants: standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity[M]. Biological Diversity Handbook Series. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington D.C, 2000, 89-98.
[15]	Underwood E C, Fisher B L. The role of ants in conservation monitoring: if, when, and how[J]. Biological conservation, 2006, 132(2): 166-182.
[16]	Andersen A N. Functional groups and patterns of organization in North American ant communities: a comparison with Australia[J]. Journal of biogeography, 1997, 24(4): 433-460.
[17]	Hoffmann B D, Andersen A N. Responses of ants to disturbance in Australia, with particular reference to functional groups[J]. Austral Ecology, 2003, 28(4): 444-464.
[18]	Burger J C, Redak R A, Allen E, et al. Restoring arthropod communities in coastal sage scrub[J]. Conservation Biology, 2003, 17(2): 460-467.
[19]	卢志兴, 陈又清, 张威, 等. 蚂蚁-紫胶虫兼性互利关系对蚂蚁群落多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2013, 21(3): 343-351.
[20]	Kabacoff, R I. R in Action: Data analysis and graphics with R[M]. Manning Publications, Westampton, 2011, 313-330.
[21]	Clarke K R, Gorley R N. PRIMER version 6: user manual/tutorial[M]. PRIMER-E, Plymouth, UK, 2006.
[22]	Team R C. R: A language and environment for statistical computing[M]. Vienna, Austria, 2012.
[23]	Leal I R, Filgueiras B K, Gomes J P, et al. Effects of habitat fragmentation on ant richness and functional composition in Brazilian Atlantic forest[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012, 21(7): 1687-1701.
[24]	Dunn R R. Recovery of faunal communities during tropical forest regeneration[J]. Conservation Biology, 2004, 18(2): 302-309.
[25]	Hoffmann B D, James C D. Using ants to manage sustainable grazing: dynamics of ant faunas along sheep grazing gradients conform to four global patterns[J]. Austral Ecology, 2011, 36(6): 698-708.
[26]	Kaspari M. Testing resource-based models of patchiness in four Neotropical litter ant assemblages[J]. Oikos, 1996, 76(3): 443-454.
[27]	Kalif K A B, Azevedo-Ramos C, Moutinho P, et al. The effect of logging on the ground-foraging ant community in eastern Amazonia[J]. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 2001, 36(3): 215-219.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Diversity and Indicator Species of Leaf-litter Ants in Eucalyptus grandis Plantations and Secondary Natural Forests

1. Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, Yunnan, China

Received Date: 2015-11-23

Abstract: [Objective] To review the effects of Eucalyptus grandis plantations on leaf-litter ant community. [Method] Investigations of leaf-litter ant communities of E. grandis plantations and secondary natural forest were conducted by Winkler litter extraction in October 2012 and April 2013 in Lüchun County, Yunnan Province. [Result] 2 188 ant individuals were collected, representing 66 species, 34 genera, 5 families of Formicidae. There were significant differences in species richness of leaf-litter ants among plots (GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039). But no significant difference was found in abundance among plots (GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863). The E. grandis plantation plot E1 had the highest leaf-litter ant species richness, while the secondary natural forest plot N2 the lowest. The secondary natural forest N1 had the highest leaf-litter ant abundance, and the E. grandis plantation plot E2 the lowest. The ant community structure of E. grandis plantations showed no significant difference with secondary natural forest (ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333). Pheidole noda Smith and Monomorium orientale Mayr were the indicator species of Eucalyptus grandis plantations, Pachycondyla luteipes (Mayr) was the indicator species of secondary natural forest. There was a negative correlation between the ant species richness and the leaf-litter depth. The ant species richness and abundance were not significantly correlated with the leaf-litter characteristics. [Conclusion] The E. grandis plantations with less disturbance and rich vegetation had positive effects on leaf-litter ant community protection.

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Reference (27)

[1]	刘国华, 傅伯杰, 陈利顶, 等. 中国生态退化的主要类型特征及分布[J]. 生态学报, 2000, 20(1): 13-19.
[2]	Suguituru S S, Silva R R, Souza D R D, et al. Ant community richness and composition across a gradient from Eucalyptus plantations to secondary Atlantic Forest[J]. Biota Neotropica, 2011, 11(1): 369-376.
[3]	Wang J, Liao Q S, Ding W M, et al. Invertebrate biodiversity in litter layers of natural forest and Eucalyptus plantation in eastern Guangdong, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(1): 25-31.
[4]	Philip A, Philip V, George E S, et al. Leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release in a fifteen year old rubber plantation[J]. Indian Journal of Natural Rubber Research, 2003, 16(1/2): 81-84.
[5]	Donoso D A, Johnston M K, Kaspari M. Trees as templates for tropical litter arthropod diversity[J]. Oecologia, 2010, 164(1): 201-211.
[6]	Lassau S A, Hochuli D F. Effects of habitat complexity on ant assemblages[J]. Ecography, 2004, 27(2): 157-164.
[7]	Theunis L, Gilbert M, Roisin Y, et al. Spatial structure of litter-dwelling ant distribution in a subtropical dry forest[J]. Insectes sociaux, 2005, 52(4): 366-377.
[8]	张念念, 陈又清, 卢志兴, 等. 云南橡胶林和天然次生林枯落物层蚂蚁物种多样性, 群落结构差异及指示种[J]. 昆虫学报, 2013, 56(11): 1314-1323.
[9]	Chen Y Q, Li Q, Chen Y L, et al. Ant diversity and bio-indicators in land management of lac insect agroecosystem in Southwestern China[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2011, 20(13): 3017-3038.
[10]	Watt A D, Stork N E, Bolton B. The diversity and abundance of ants in relation to forest disturbance and plantation establishment in southern Cameroon[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 39(1): 18-30.
[11]	Philpott S M, Arendt W J, Armbrecht I, et al. Biodiversity loss in Latin American coffee landscapes: review of the evidence on ants, birds, and trees[J]. Conservation Biology, 2008, 22(5): 1093-1105.
[12]	Pacheco R, Silva R R, Morini M S C, et al. A comparison of the leaf-litter ant fauna in a secondary Atlantic forest with an adjacent pine plantation in southeastern Brazil[J]. Neotropical Entomology, 2009, 38(1): 55-65.
[13]	Nakamura A, Catterall C P, House A P, et al. The use of ants and other soil and litter arthropods as bio-indicators of the impacts of rainforest clearing and subsequent land use[J]. Journal of Insect Conservation, 2007, 11(2): 177-186.
[14]	Kaspari M, Majer J D. Using ants to monitor environmental change. In: Agosti D, Majer J, Alonso E, et al (eds.). Ants: standard methods for measuring and monitoring biodiversity[M]. Biological Diversity Handbook Series. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington D.C, 2000, 89-98.
[15]	Underwood E C, Fisher B L. The role of ants in conservation monitoring: if, when, and how[J]. Biological conservation, 2006, 132(2): 166-182.
[16]	Andersen A N. Functional groups and patterns of organization in North American ant communities: a comparison with Australia[J]. Journal of biogeography, 1997, 24(4): 433-460.
[17]	Hoffmann B D, Andersen A N. Responses of ants to disturbance in Australia, with particular reference to functional groups[J]. Austral Ecology, 2003, 28(4): 444-464.
[18]	Burger J C, Redak R A, Allen E, et al. Restoring arthropod communities in coastal sage scrub[J]. Conservation Biology, 2003, 17(2): 460-467.
[19]	卢志兴, 陈又清, 张威, 等. 蚂蚁-紫胶虫兼性互利关系对蚂蚁群落多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2013, 21(3): 343-351.
[20]	Kabacoff, R I. R in Action: Data analysis and graphics with R[M]. Manning Publications, Westampton, 2011, 313-330.
[21]	Clarke K R, Gorley R N. PRIMER version 6: user manual/tutorial[M]. PRIMER-E, Plymouth, UK, 2006.
[22]	Team R C. R: A language and environment for statistical computing[M]. Vienna, Austria, 2012.
[23]	Leal I R, Filgueiras B K, Gomes J P, et al. Effects of habitat fragmentation on ant richness and functional composition in Brazilian Atlantic forest[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2012, 21(7): 1687-1701.
[24]	Dunn R R. Recovery of faunal communities during tropical forest regeneration[J]. Conservation Biology, 2004, 18(2): 302-309.
[25]	Hoffmann B D, James C D. Using ants to manage sustainable grazing: dynamics of ant faunas along sheep grazing gradients conform to four global patterns[J]. Austral Ecology, 2011, 36(6): 698-708.
[26]	Kaspari M. Testing resource-based models of patchiness in four Neotropical litter ant assemblages[J]. Oikos, 1996, 76(3): 443-454.
[27]	Kalif K A B, Azevedo-Ramos C, Moutinho P, et al. The effect of logging on the ground-foraging ant community in eastern Amazonia[J]. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 2001, 36(3): 215-219.

Diversity and Indicator Species of Leaf-litter Ants in Eucalyptus grandis Plantations and Secondary Natural Forests

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Diversity and Indicator Species of Leaf-litter Ants in Eucalyptus grandis Plantations and Secondary Natural Forests

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