-
田猎姬蜂属(Agrothereutes)昆虫是林木害虫的重要寄生性天敌资源,迄今为止,在我国仅报道9种,分别是短翅田猎姬蜂(A. abbreviatus (Fabricius))、枝田猎姬蜂(A. ramuli (Uchida))、大田猎姬蜂(A. macroincubitor (Uchida))、基田猎姬蜂(A. ruficoxalis Sheng & Sun)、赣田猎姬蜂(A. ganicus Sheng & Sun)、食心虫田猎姬蜂(A. grapholithae (Uchida))、三色田猎姬蜂(A. tricolor (Uchida))、叶蜂田猎姬蜂(A. aprocerius Li & Sheng)和黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂(A. minousubae Nakanishi) [1~4],分布仅限于辽宁、吉林、江西、山东、浙江等地。国内有关田猎姬蜂的研究主要集中在新种或新记录种的记述[3-4]。此外,尚无相关深入的研究和报道。黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂(Agrothereutes minousubae Nakanishi)(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)是近年来发生频繁、危害严重的园林主要害虫大叶黄杨斑蛾(Prgeria sinica Moore)预蛹和蛹期的重要外寄生蜂。在日本,该蜂是大叶黄杨斑蛾的专性寄生蜂,寄生率高达70%,是引起寄主死亡,控制其种群增长的关键因子[5]。
2019年4月,在郑州市河南农业大学校园内,受大叶黄杨斑蛾危害的大叶黄杨周围发现大量正在取食和飞舞的姬蜂,经采集并参照《浙江蜂类志》进行鉴定[6],疑为黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂。随后又与日本学者发表此新种时的形态特征进行比对[7],确定为该种。这是继日本、中国杭州分布外的新增分布地,为河南新记录种,河南新记录属。国内对黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂的研究仅限于形态特征的描述[6]。日本学者在发现此种的基础上,进一步开展黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂与寄主大叶黄杨斑蛾的年生活史及光周期和温度对该蜂滞育的影响[1,8]。然而,国内外有关该蜂的个体发育特征,特别是生殖行为方面研究仍属空白。园林害虫大叶黄杨斑蛾原分布于中国、日本、朝鲜和韩国,现已入侵至美国[9],在我国发生的普遍性和严重性加剧[10~12]。当前,国内对大叶黄杨斑蛾主要以化学药剂防治为主[13]。为实现园林植物的绿色保护,寻求安全有效的生物防治途径控制大叶黄杨斑蛾的危害势在必行。为此,开展基于个体发育特征的研究有助于对黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂的识别和保护,而生殖行为的明确和理解将有助于其生防作用的有效发挥[14-15]。
黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂(膜翅目:姬蜂科)个体发育与生殖行为
The Ontogeny and Reproductive Behavior of Agrothereutes minousubae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
-
摘要:
目的 黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂是园林主要害虫大叶黄杨斑蛾预蛹和蛹期的专性外寄生蜂,寄生率高,控害效果突出。为充分发挥该蜂的生物防治潜能,填补国内外有关该蜂个体发育特征及生殖特性的空白从而开展本研究。 方法 以河南新纪录种黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂为对象,通过野外采集,结合室内恒温饲养和观察,对其个体发育过程、生殖系统构造及生殖行为进行系统研究。 结果 该蜂完成胚胎发育需48~50 h,幼虫有4个虫龄,预蛹和蛹期经历形态剧烈变化和色素的沉积,成虫具明显的性二型现象,一个世代历经23~27 d。雌蜂卵巢管9~11根,属多滋式,雄蜂1对精巢融合,输精管细长。雄蜂通过扇翅和触角拍打进行求偶,由雄蜂主导交配行为,雄蜂可交配多次,而雌蜂一生只交配1次,该蜂日产卵量可达7粒,一生可产20粒卵,存在过寄生行为。 结论 黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂为大卵型、卵育型外寄生蜂,寄生能力较强,具有保护和利用价值。这些基本生物学特性研究可为更好地保护和发挥黄杨斑蛾田猎姬蜂对大叶黄杨斑蛾的控害潜能奠定基础。 Abstract:Objective Agrothereutes minousubae Nakanishi (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) is a specific ectoparasitoid which attacks the prepupae and pupae of Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), an important insect pest of garden plants, causing high mortality of the host species. To make use of this potential biological control agent, it’s critical to study the ontogeny and reproductive characteristics of A. minousubae. Method The ontogeny, reproductive system and reproductive behavior of A. minousubae, which was a new record species in Henan Province, were systematically determined using field collection and indoor rearing at 24 ± 1 ℃. Result It took 48 to 50 hours for the wasp to complete embryonic development. The larvae had 4 instars. The prepupa and pupa stages undergo drastic morphological changes and pigment deposition. The adults had obvious sexual dimorphism, and one generation lasts for 23 to 27 days. A female usually had 9~11 polytrophic ovarioles. There was a pair of testes with long and thin vas deferens in male internal reproductive system. Male wasps exhibited wing fanning and antennal drumming during courtship behavior when exposed to females. Males played a dominant role in mating behavior. Males copulated more than one time while female usually copulated only once in their life time. A female deposited 7 eggs daily, deposited about 20 eggs in its lifetime, and had superparasitism behavior. Conclusion A. minousubae is a synovigenic ectoparasitoid with relatively large egg and strong parasitic ability. This parasitoid has great value of protection and utilization. The study can provide the basis for better protection and utilization of this wasp against P. sinica. -
Key words:
- Agrothereutes minousubae
- / Ontogeny
- / Reproductive system
- / Courtship
- / Mating behavior
- / Oviposition behavior
-
[1] 何俊华. 中国姬蜂科新记录(一)阿苏山沟姬蜂和三色田猎蜂[J]. 浙江农业大学学报, 1983, 9(1):55-58. [2] 李涛, 盛茂领, 孙淑萍. 寄生叶蜂的姬蜂科天敌昆虫[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020. [3] 盛茂领, 孙淑萍, 郭正福, 等. 田猎姬蜂属二新种(膜翅目, 姬蜂科)及中国已知种检索[J]. 南方林业科学, 2017, 45(5):1-9. [4] 赵 涛, 李 洋, 孙淑萍, 等. 中国发现食心虫田猎姬蜂(膜翅目: 姬蜂科)[J]. 江西林业科技, 2020, 48(4):55-58. [5] SHIOTSU Y, ARAKAWA R. One host—one parasitoid system: Seasonal life cycles of Pryeria sinica (Ledipoptera) and Agrothereutes minousubae (Hymenoptera)[J]. Researches on Population Ecology, 1982, 24(1): 43-57. doi: 10.1007/BF02515588 [6] 何俊华, 陈学新, 樊晋江, 等. 浙江蜂类志[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 438. [7] NAKANISHI A. Description of a new ichneumonid parasite of Pryeria sinica Moore (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae )[J]. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 1965, 33(4): 456-458. [8] SHIOTSU Y, TSUBAKI Y. One-host one-parasitoid system: population dynamics of a zygaenid moth Pryeria sinica Moore in an undisturbed habitat[J]. Researches on Population Ecology, 1986, 28(2): 333-346. doi: 10.1007/BF02515459 [9] BROWN J W, EPSTEIN M E, DAY E R. First report of Pryeria sinica Moore (Lepidoptera: Zygaenida) in north America[J]. Proceedings-Entomological Society of Washington, 2004, 106(1): 239-242. [10] 陆 颖. 不同药剂对大叶黄杨斑蛾的防治效果[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2020, 388(6):101-102. [11] 魏国先, 范文忠, 付晓东. 大叶黄杨长毛斑蛾严重危害丝棉木[J]. 植物保护, 2000, 26(1):50. [12] 沈国良, 陈 红. 大叶黄杨长毛斑蛾生物学特性初步研究[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2007, 13(13):155-156. [13] 汪 霞, 陈玉琴, 费伟英, 等. 五种生物农药防治大叶黄杨斑蛾药效试验[J]. 南方农业, 2014, 8(1):29. [14] 王雪菲, 陈 孟, 白嘉伟, 等. 管氏肿腿蜂对桑天牛幼虫的寄生行为及防治效果[J]. 中国生物防治学报, 2020, 36(3):19-23. [15] FAVORETO A L, DOMINGUES M M, SERRÃO J E, et al. Courtship, mating behavior, and ovary histology of the nymph parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)[J]. Journal of Insect Science, 2021, 21(2): 1-6. doi: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab012 [16] POURIAN H R, TALAEI H R, ASHOURI A, et al. Ontogeny and reproductive biology of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a larval endoparasitoid of diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)[J]. Arthropod Structure and Development, 2015, 44(1): 69-76. doi: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.11.002 [17] 申莉莉, 周祖基, 杨 伟. 川硬皮肿腿蜂的胚胎发育[J]. 昆虫知识, 2002, 39(6):453-455. [18] 代平礼, 徐志强. 管氏肿腿蜂的胚胎发育观察[J]. 昆虫知识, 2007, 44(3):431-434. [19] 梁光红, 杨建全, 季清娥, 等. 切割潜蝇茧蜂的个体发育[J]. 福建农林大学学报:自然科学版, 2007, 33(3):321-323. [20] 吴华. 管氏肿腿蜂个体发育, 产卵行为及寄主选择性研究[D]. 南京: 南京林业大学, 2012. [21] HUANG F, SHI M, CHEN X, et al. External morphology and development of immature stages of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), an Important endoparasitoid of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)[J]. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2009, 102(3): 532-538. doi: 10.1603/008.102.0325 [22] BIN F, WACKER F, ROMANI R, et al. Tyloids in Pimpla turionallae (L. ) are release structures of male antennal glands involved in courtship behaviour (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)[J]. International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology, 1999, 28(2): 61-68. [23] GÜRBÜZ M F, KOLAROV J, AKSOYLAR M Y, et al. A survey of the Agrothereutes hospes, an ectoparasitoid on wax moth Galleria mellonella[J]. Journal of Pest Science, 2006, 79(1): 31-34. doi: 10.1007/s10340-005-0110-9 [24] 田良恒. 棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂的生殖特性与控害效能[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2019.